http://appsychology.com/HowPass/MC%20quizes/Psychological%20Disorders/psychological_disorders.htm
This website here is a good practice to see what all you should study when it comes to Psychological Disorders. This has 95 different multiple choice questions for you to practice with. I highly recommend checking it out.
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/psychopathology/mcq/chapter11.asp
Here's another website to check out. It also has some multiple choice questions to do, along with the answers, and an explanation for the answer, so that you may understand the concept the question's asking about better.
http://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/disorders/section1.rhtml
Another site that will help you figure out some different possiblities of questions that might be on the college board exam. Using these different resources will also help you to get used to doing multiple choice questions written by someone other than Ms. Wood. While these one's don't necessarily have the answers as to why the correct answers are what they are, but I do think with a little bit of research, and a teeny bit of common sense, you should be able to figure out why answers are the way they are. This site is also just really good at giving a bit of a better (in some cases) overview of what these things are actually about.
http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_PX14_clinpsych/244/62717/16055571.cw/content/index.html
While this quiz is quite short, I do think that you could benefit from at least taking a look at all four of these websites to be able to help you do more multiple choice style questions. I have taken a couple of questions from each resource, so some of them may look familiar to you.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/rethinking-psychology/201307/the-new-definition-mental-disorder
Here is one final link to an article, that describes better than I ever could the difference in definitions in the DSM-IV and the DSM-V. The article covers why it is so hard to define something that is in the brain, rather than manifests itself in physical symptoms, and how right now it is more, which definition seems to fit our current need and purpose. I think it does a great job at describing the current and a past definition of psychological disorders both.
Wednesday, 22 June 2016
Multiple Choice Questions Part 2
1) What best describes bipolar disorder?
(a) mood swings
(b) episodes of extreme mania followed by episodes of severe depression
(c) feelings of joy and excitement
(d) periods of increased body function
(e) the urge to hug every polar bear in sight
2) What is Mania?
(a) elevated feelings of giddyness
(b) a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
(c) feelings of hopelessness and helplessness
(d) feeling of uneasiness and unrest
(e) a dissociative disorder
3) What is dissociative identity disorder?
(a) a disorder in which a person cannot remember a traumatic life event
(b) a disorder in which the person inexplicably falls straight into REM sleep
(c) a disorder in which someone begins to feel like they are in the wrong place
(d) a disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct alternating personalities
(e) a disorder in which two people switch bodies, and live each others lives
4) The relationship between schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease is that:
(a) both are caused by too little dopamine.
(b) both are treated by antipsychotic drugs.
(c) both can be caused by excessive use of amphetamines.
(d) schizophrenia is associated with too much dopamine and Parkinson’s with too little.
(e) Parkinson’s is associated with too much dopamine and schizophrenia with too little.
5) Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing
(a) delusions
(b) obsessions
(c) anxiety
(d) hallucinations
(e) compulsions
6) Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
(a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
(b) conversion disorder
(c) zoophobia
(d) post-traumatic stress disorder
(e) panic disorder
7) Which of the following best describes schizophrenia?
(a) a mood swing
(b) an eating disorder
(c) a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking
(d) a disorder in which the person believes that they are an animal and must act accordingly
(e) a personality disorder in which a person cannot function normally, and must be treated medically.
8) Depression is associated with low levels of:
(a) acetylcholine
(b) epinephrine
(c) serotonin
(d) dopamine
(e) GABA
9) Andrew is unable to move his right arm. He has been to scores of physicians seeking a cure, but none have been able to find any physiological reason for his paralysis. Andrew may be suffering from:
(a) conversion disorder
(b) fugue
(c) hypochondriasis
(d) SAD
(e) OCD
10) “I am the most important person in the world” is a statement that might characterize the views of someone with which of the following personality disorders?
(a) schizoid
(b) antisocial
(c) histrionic
(d) dependent
(e) narcissistic
Answers and reasons:
1) the correct answer is (b). In Myers' Psychology text, Tenth Edition, bipolar disorder is described as a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
2) the correct answer is (b). This is the exact way that it is defined in the Myers Psychology Text
3) the correct answer is (d). Again, this is almost exactly how it is defined in the Myers Psychology Text, as well as other sources. This is a rare psychological disorder, and not very many people have it in the world. It is estimated to affect 1% of the population
4) the correct answer is (d). Schizophrenia is associated with high levels of dopamine and Parkinson’s disease with low levels of dopamine. Schizophrenia is often treated with antipsychotic drugs. Excessive use of amphetamines is associated with both high levels of dopamine and schizophrenic-like symptoms
5) the correct answer is (d). Perceiving sensory stimulation when none exists defines a hallucination. Delusions are irrational thoughts but do not involve a belief in the existence of sensory stimulation. Obsessions are persistent, unwanted thoughts. Compulsions are unwanted, repetitive actions that people engage in to reduce anxiety.
6) the correct answer is (b). Conversion disorder is a type of somatoform disorder in which a psychological problem manifests itself in one, often serious, physical symptom such as blindness or paralysis. All of the other disorders listed are anxiety disorders.
7) the correct answer is (c). Schizophrenia is a personality disorder that affects about 1.1 % of Americans, and sometimes goes untreated. A person may experience delusions or hallucinations in their schizophrenic state, and may not be able to separate their hallucinations from reality. Left untreated, schizophrenia will only get worse as it is degenerative.
8) the correct answer is (c). Depression is associated with low levels of serotonin.
9) the correct answer is (a). Andrews’s symptoms suggest he has conversion disorder, a type of somatoform disorder. Fugue is a dissociative disorder which involves amnesia and relocation. Hypochondriasis is a different kind of somatoform disorder that involves constant, minor physical complaints and the belief that these minor problems are indicative of a serious, medical problem. SAD, seasonal affective disorder, is a type of affective disorder in which people become depressed during prolonged periods of bad weather. OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, is an anxiety disorder in which unwanted, persistent thoughts push people to perform unwanted, repetitive actions to reduce anxiety.
10) the correct answer is (e). Narcissism is the love of oneself. People who view themselves as the focus of the world would most likely be classified as having narcissistic personality disorder.
**Several questions have been taken and adapted from Barron's AP Psychology, 5th Edition**
(a) mood swings
(b) episodes of extreme mania followed by episodes of severe depression
(c) feelings of joy and excitement
(d) periods of increased body function
(e) the urge to hug every polar bear in sight
2) What is Mania?
(a) elevated feelings of giddyness
(b) a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
(c) feelings of hopelessness and helplessness
(d) feeling of uneasiness and unrest
(e) a dissociative disorder
3) What is dissociative identity disorder?
(a) a disorder in which a person cannot remember a traumatic life event
(b) a disorder in which the person inexplicably falls straight into REM sleep
(c) a disorder in which someone begins to feel like they are in the wrong place
(d) a disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct alternating personalities
(e) a disorder in which two people switch bodies, and live each others lives
4) The relationship between schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease is that:
(a) both are caused by too little dopamine.
(b) both are treated by antipsychotic drugs.
(c) both can be caused by excessive use of amphetamines.
(d) schizophrenia is associated with too much dopamine and Parkinson’s with too little.
(e) Parkinson’s is associated with too much dopamine and schizophrenia with too little.
5) Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing
(a) delusions
(b) obsessions
(c) anxiety
(d) hallucinations
(e) compulsions
6) Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
(a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
(b) conversion disorder
(c) zoophobia
(d) post-traumatic stress disorder
(e) panic disorder
7) Which of the following best describes schizophrenia?
(a) a mood swing
(b) an eating disorder
(c) a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking
(d) a disorder in which the person believes that they are an animal and must act accordingly
(e) a personality disorder in which a person cannot function normally, and must be treated medically.
8) Depression is associated with low levels of:
(a) acetylcholine
(b) epinephrine
(c) serotonin
(d) dopamine
(e) GABA
9) Andrew is unable to move his right arm. He has been to scores of physicians seeking a cure, but none have been able to find any physiological reason for his paralysis. Andrew may be suffering from:
(a) conversion disorder
(b) fugue
(c) hypochondriasis
(d) SAD
(e) OCD
10) “I am the most important person in the world” is a statement that might characterize the views of someone with which of the following personality disorders?
(a) schizoid
(b) antisocial
(c) histrionic
(d) dependent
(e) narcissistic
Answers and reasons:
1) the correct answer is (b). In Myers' Psychology text, Tenth Edition, bipolar disorder is described as a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
2) the correct answer is (b). This is the exact way that it is defined in the Myers Psychology Text
3) the correct answer is (d). Again, this is almost exactly how it is defined in the Myers Psychology Text, as well as other sources. This is a rare psychological disorder, and not very many people have it in the world. It is estimated to affect 1% of the population
4) the correct answer is (d). Schizophrenia is associated with high levels of dopamine and Parkinson’s disease with low levels of dopamine. Schizophrenia is often treated with antipsychotic drugs. Excessive use of amphetamines is associated with both high levels of dopamine and schizophrenic-like symptoms
5) the correct answer is (d). Perceiving sensory stimulation when none exists defines a hallucination. Delusions are irrational thoughts but do not involve a belief in the existence of sensory stimulation. Obsessions are persistent, unwanted thoughts. Compulsions are unwanted, repetitive actions that people engage in to reduce anxiety.
6) the correct answer is (b). Conversion disorder is a type of somatoform disorder in which a psychological problem manifests itself in one, often serious, physical symptom such as blindness or paralysis. All of the other disorders listed are anxiety disorders.
7) the correct answer is (c). Schizophrenia is a personality disorder that affects about 1.1 % of Americans, and sometimes goes untreated. A person may experience delusions or hallucinations in their schizophrenic state, and may not be able to separate their hallucinations from reality. Left untreated, schizophrenia will only get worse as it is degenerative.
8) the correct answer is (c). Depression is associated with low levels of serotonin.
9) the correct answer is (a). Andrews’s symptoms suggest he has conversion disorder, a type of somatoform disorder. Fugue is a dissociative disorder which involves amnesia and relocation. Hypochondriasis is a different kind of somatoform disorder that involves constant, minor physical complaints and the belief that these minor problems are indicative of a serious, medical problem. SAD, seasonal affective disorder, is a type of affective disorder in which people become depressed during prolonged periods of bad weather. OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, is an anxiety disorder in which unwanted, persistent thoughts push people to perform unwanted, repetitive actions to reduce anxiety.
10) the correct answer is (e). Narcissism is the love of oneself. People who view themselves as the focus of the world would most likely be classified as having narcissistic personality disorder.
**Several questions have been taken and adapted from Barron's AP Psychology, 5th Edition**
How to write FRQs
Free Response Questions
Question one:
Two-year-old Eli dislikes green vegetables and often refuses to eat them.
(a) How could each of the following theories help explain Eli’s behavior?
• Evolutionary psychology
• Erickson’s psychosocial stage theory
(b) How could Eli’s parents use each of the following psychological phenomena to increase Eli’s consumption of green vegetables?
• Mere exposure effect
• Eli’s lack of Piagetian conservation
• Conformity
• Modeling
• Positive reinforcement
(c) If you were advising Eli’s parents, which one of the approaches listed above would you recommend and why?
Question two:
Oscar recently had an important exam in his American history class. He had not been doing as well in this class as he would have liked. He studied for hours, but he felt ill on the day of the test and did not perform as well as he had hoped.
(a) Explain how each of the following factors could have contributed to Oscar’s disappointing performance.
• General adaptation syndrome
• Depth/levels of processing theory
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
(b) Describe how Oscar could use each of the following psychological principles to improve his future performance.
• Yerkes-Dodson law
• A mnemonic device
• Spacing effect/distributed practice
• Internal locus of control
• Negative reinforcement
Answers and reasons:
1) This question is worth eight marks in total.
Part (a): Evolutionary psychology—Evolutionary psychologists believe that human behavior is motivated by the desire to ensure the survival and proliferation of our genes. By age two, children are able to move about on their own and will therefore encounter new plants, some of which may look like vegetables but, in fact, be dangerous to eat. Therefore, an evolutionary psychologist might say that Eli’s refusal to eat green vegetables is due to a natural avoidance that arises about the time children become independent enough to eat things without supervision
Erickson’s psychosocial stage theory—According to Erikson, from ages one to three children are in a stage that revolves around a conflict between autonomy or shame and doubt. As such, children of this age often try to assert their will, and the word no becomes a common part of their vocabularies. Eli’s refusal to eat the green vegetables his parents so desperately want him to eat may therefore just be a way of asserting his independence.
Part (b): Mere exposure effect—The mere exposure effect says that the more one is exposed to something, the more one comes to like it. Therefore, Eli’s parents could simply serve him green vegetables frequently hoping that with repeated contact, he will come to like them more.
Eli’s lack of Piagetian conservation—According to Piaget, children learn to conserve upon entering the concrete operations stage around age six. Until then, children are typically unable to solve problems that ask them to compare quantities. Eli’s parents may be able to take advantage of this cognitive limitation in how they present his vegetables. For instance, instead of serving Eli many small pieces of celery, they could ask Eli to eat just one (large) celery stalk.
Conformity—People have a natural desire to fit in with others. If Eli’s siblings or cousins or friends eat green vegetables, Eli’s parents may be able to increase his consumption of vegetables by serving them to Eli among a group of people all of whom will eat their green vegetables.
Modeling—Modeling is when someone observes someone else’s behavior and then copies it. While conformity involves fitting into a group, modeling can be done by an individual. Eli’s parents can model eating green vegetables themselves hoping that Eli will notice and copy them.
Positive reinforcement—A reinforcer is a consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior. Eli’s parents can use positive reinforcement by giving Eli something he wants when he eats his green vegetables. For instance, each day that Eli finishes his vegetables he could be rewarded with a half hour of watching television
Part (c): For this answer, you need to select one of the terms from part (b) and explain why you think that it would help in modifying Eli's behavior. There isn't necessarily a "right" answer for this one, and as long as you make arguments that are factual, concise, and are based on real psychological principles, you should receive some sort of mark for this type of question.
2) This question is worth eight marks total
Part (a): General adaptation syndrome—According to Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, Oscar pushed himself to exhaustion and, as a result, he became ill and his performance suffered.
Depth/levels of processing theory—Oscar may not have studied the material at a deep enough level; levels of processing theory holds that the deeper the level at which one processes information, the more likely one will be to remember it.
Self-fulfilling prophecy—Because Oscar has not been doing well in the class, his teacher may have formed low expectations for him. The teacher may have communicated these expectations to Oscar before or during the exam, thereby increasing the likelihood that Oscar fulfilled those low expectations.
Part (b): Yerkes-Dodson law—The Yerkes-Dodson law states that moderate arousal leads to the best task performance. Oscar should try to make sure that he is at a moderate level of arousal for his future tests.
A mnemonic device—Oscar might use a mnemonic device, such as an acronym, to improve his ability to memorize information for future exams.
Spacing effect/distributed practice—Instead of studying for a long time all at once, Oscar would do well to divide his studying over a greater span of time.
Internal locus of control—If Oscar develops an internal locus of control, he will believe his actions impact his performance and will therefore study, thereby increasing the likelihood that he will succeed in school.
Negative reinforcement—Oscar could negatively reinforce himself for good scores on future tests by allowing himself to skip chores he dislikes on days that he earns those scores.
**Free Response Questions taken from Barron's AP Psychology, 5th Edition**
Two-year-old Eli dislikes green vegetables and often refuses to eat them.
(a) How could each of the following theories help explain Eli’s behavior?
• Evolutionary psychology
• Erickson’s psychosocial stage theory
(b) How could Eli’s parents use each of the following psychological phenomena to increase Eli’s consumption of green vegetables?
• Mere exposure effect
• Eli’s lack of Piagetian conservation
• Conformity
• Modeling
• Positive reinforcement
(c) If you were advising Eli’s parents, which one of the approaches listed above would you recommend and why?
Question two:
Oscar recently had an important exam in his American history class. He had not been doing as well in this class as he would have liked. He studied for hours, but he felt ill on the day of the test and did not perform as well as he had hoped.
(a) Explain how each of the following factors could have contributed to Oscar’s disappointing performance.
• General adaptation syndrome
• Depth/levels of processing theory
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
(b) Describe how Oscar could use each of the following psychological principles to improve his future performance.
• Yerkes-Dodson law
• A mnemonic device
• Spacing effect/distributed practice
• Internal locus of control
• Negative reinforcement
Answers and reasons:
1) This question is worth eight marks in total.
Part (a): Evolutionary psychology—Evolutionary psychologists believe that human behavior is motivated by the desire to ensure the survival and proliferation of our genes. By age two, children are able to move about on their own and will therefore encounter new plants, some of which may look like vegetables but, in fact, be dangerous to eat. Therefore, an evolutionary psychologist might say that Eli’s refusal to eat green vegetables is due to a natural avoidance that arises about the time children become independent enough to eat things without supervision
Erickson’s psychosocial stage theory—According to Erikson, from ages one to three children are in a stage that revolves around a conflict between autonomy or shame and doubt. As such, children of this age often try to assert their will, and the word no becomes a common part of their vocabularies. Eli’s refusal to eat the green vegetables his parents so desperately want him to eat may therefore just be a way of asserting his independence.
Part (b): Mere exposure effect—The mere exposure effect says that the more one is exposed to something, the more one comes to like it. Therefore, Eli’s parents could simply serve him green vegetables frequently hoping that with repeated contact, he will come to like them more.
Eli’s lack of Piagetian conservation—According to Piaget, children learn to conserve upon entering the concrete operations stage around age six. Until then, children are typically unable to solve problems that ask them to compare quantities. Eli’s parents may be able to take advantage of this cognitive limitation in how they present his vegetables. For instance, instead of serving Eli many small pieces of celery, they could ask Eli to eat just one (large) celery stalk.
Conformity—People have a natural desire to fit in with others. If Eli’s siblings or cousins or friends eat green vegetables, Eli’s parents may be able to increase his consumption of vegetables by serving them to Eli among a group of people all of whom will eat their green vegetables.
Modeling—Modeling is when someone observes someone else’s behavior and then copies it. While conformity involves fitting into a group, modeling can be done by an individual. Eli’s parents can model eating green vegetables themselves hoping that Eli will notice and copy them.
Positive reinforcement—A reinforcer is a consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior. Eli’s parents can use positive reinforcement by giving Eli something he wants when he eats his green vegetables. For instance, each day that Eli finishes his vegetables he could be rewarded with a half hour of watching television
Part (c): For this answer, you need to select one of the terms from part (b) and explain why you think that it would help in modifying Eli's behavior. There isn't necessarily a "right" answer for this one, and as long as you make arguments that are factual, concise, and are based on real psychological principles, you should receive some sort of mark for this type of question.
2) This question is worth eight marks total
Part (a): General adaptation syndrome—According to Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, Oscar pushed himself to exhaustion and, as a result, he became ill and his performance suffered.
Depth/levels of processing theory—Oscar may not have studied the material at a deep enough level; levels of processing theory holds that the deeper the level at which one processes information, the more likely one will be to remember it.
Self-fulfilling prophecy—Because Oscar has not been doing well in the class, his teacher may have formed low expectations for him. The teacher may have communicated these expectations to Oscar before or during the exam, thereby increasing the likelihood that Oscar fulfilled those low expectations.
Part (b): Yerkes-Dodson law—The Yerkes-Dodson law states that moderate arousal leads to the best task performance. Oscar should try to make sure that he is at a moderate level of arousal for his future tests.
A mnemonic device—Oscar might use a mnemonic device, such as an acronym, to improve his ability to memorize information for future exams.
Spacing effect/distributed practice—Instead of studying for a long time all at once, Oscar would do well to divide his studying over a greater span of time.
Internal locus of control—If Oscar develops an internal locus of control, he will believe his actions impact his performance and will therefore study, thereby increasing the likelihood that he will succeed in school.
Negative reinforcement—Oscar could negatively reinforce himself for good scores on future tests by allowing himself to skip chores he dislikes on days that he earns those scores.
**Free Response Questions taken from Barron's AP Psychology, 5th Edition**
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)